Pakistan

Pakistan has one of the longest and richest histories in South Asia, tracing its heritage back to the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE). Considered one of the cradles of civilisation, Ancient Indus cities like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa saw some of the earliest developments of writing systems, agriculture, urban planning, trade networks, and centralized governance.

Pakistan’s diverse cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, reflecting its unique location at the crossroads of South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. The region was an early center of Buddhism and Hinduism, later influenced by Islamic culture after the 7th century.

Modern Pakistan emerged in 1947 as an independent country following the end of British colonial rule in the Indian subcontinent. It became an Islamic republic in 1956 and has since developed into a dynamic nation with a rich blend of ancient traditions and modern aspirations.